Controversy Surrounding Canada’s Nuclear Future: SMRs vs. CANDU Technology

In the ongoing dialogue about energy solutions in Canada, one prominent voice stands out: Dr. Chris Keefer, President and co-founder of Canadians for Nuclear Power. Keefer’s recent critique of Ontario Power Generation’s (OPG) decision to invest heavily in U.S. technology for small modular reactors (SMRs) has raised important questions about national energy strategy, economic impact, and technological independence.

The Investment at Stake

The Ontario government has approved a plan for the construction of four BWRX-300 small modular reactors at the Darlington Nuclear site, representing a staggering investment of over $21 billion. Keefer warns that spending more than $6 billion on a reactor powered by U.S. technology is a critical misstep, especially when Canada’s own nuclear capabilities are so robust. He argues that this decision not only risks financial resources but also compromises local industry and technology.

A Question of Timing and Diplomacy

Keefer, who also serves as an emergency room doctor, underscores the geopolitical context in which this decision is being made. The backdrop of a trade war with the United States adds an extra layer of complexity, which Keefer describes as a “clear and present danger” to Canada’s energy autonomy. He questions the wisdom of investing in foreign technology when Canadian nuclear infrastructure and expertise are both available and proven.

The Darlington Project: Ambition vs. Pragmatism

According to the Ontario government, these SMRs will generate enough clean electricity to power 1.2 million homes and spur significant job growth. Energy Minister Stephen Lecce has labelled this initiative a “historic day” for Ontario, emphasizing the project’s potential to contribute to the province’s energy independence. However, Keefer counters that this venture essentially “surrenders” a fully licensed nuclear site to U.S. interests, limiting Canada’s energy production capability to a fraction of its potential.

CANDU vs. SMRs: A Technological Tug of War

When it comes to reactor technology, Keefer insists that Canada’s CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactors represent a superior option. With a workforce trained in CANDU technology and a supply chain that is intimately familiar with its nuances, he argues, there is no compelling reason to pivot to SMR technologies that depend on U.S. components and enriched uranium.

Economic Concerns: Is the Investment Justified?

While the SMR project promises a $500 million annual injection into Ontario’s economy, Keefer remains skeptical about whether the benefits will balance the risks. He notes that jurisdictions like Saskatchewan and Alberta are unlikely to invest in similar SMR projects due to more affordable alternatives like combined-cycle gas plants. In times of economic uncertainty, the price tag of SMRs could prove prohibitive.

The Future of Nuclear in Ontario

Ontario aspires to develop even larger plants, such as new nuclear facilities near Port Hope and at Bruce Power on Lake Huron. CANDU technology, Keefer suggests, remains an option for these future projects, representing an opportunity to build upon Canada’s existing expertise and infrastructure. Yet, he emphasizes that this foundation is under threat if decision-makers continue to overlook homegrown solutions in favor of U.S. technology.

A Call for Strategic Thinking

Keefer advocates for a more comprehensive approach that prioritizes Canadian interests. He believes that investing in enhanced CANDU models would not only safeguard jobs and intellectual property but also fortify Canada’s position in energy markets while maintaining independence from potentially restrictive U.S. trade policies.

The Path Ahead

As the Independent Electricity System Operator projects a 75% increase in electricity demand by 2050, Ontario faces a looming energy gap. With the region grappling with the complexities of energy supply, it becomes vital to weigh heavily the implications of its choices today. Keefer’s critique serves as a reminder that the future of Canada’s energy landscape depends on wise decisions made in the present—all while navigating a challenging international environment.

Future SMR site at Darlington Nuclear